Cellulose etherAn yi daga cellulose ta hanyar etherification dauki tare da daya ko da yawa etherification jamiái da bushe nika. Bisa ga nau'o'in sinadarai daban-daban na masu maye gurbin ether, ana iya raba ethers cellulose zuwa anionic, cationic, da wadanda ba na ionic ba. Ionic cellulose ethers yafi hada da carboxymethyl cellulose ethers (CMC); Non ionic cellulose ethers yafi hada da methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC), da kuma hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HC). Non ionic ethers an ƙara raba zuwa ruwa-soluble ethers da mai mai soluble ethers, kuma ana amfani da yafi a turmi kayayyakin. A gaban ions na calcium, ionic cellulose ether ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, don haka da wuya a yi amfani da shi a busassun kayayyakin turmi da aka gauraya ta amfani da siminti, lemun tsami, da sauran kayan siminti. Non ionic ruwa-soluble cellulose ethers ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin ginin kayan masana'antu saboda su dakatar da kwanciyar hankali da kuma ruwa riƙe kaddarorin.
1. Chemical Properties na cellulose ether
Kowane cellulose etheryana da tsarin asali na cellulose - tsarin glucose wanda ya bushe. A cikin aiwatar da samar da ether cellulose, za a fara mai da zaren cellulose a cikin wani bayani na alkaline, sa'an nan kuma bi da su tare da etherification jamiái. Ana tsarkake samfuran halayen fibrous da ƙasa don samar da foda iri ɗaya tare da ɗanɗano.
A lokacin aikin samar da MC, kawai methane chloride ana amfani dashi azaman wakili na etherifying; Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da methane chloride a cikin samar daHPMC, Hakanan ana amfani da epoxy propylene don samun abubuwan maye gurbin hydroxypropyl. Daban-daban cellulose ethers suna da daban-daban methyl da hydroxypropyl maye rates, wanda rinjayar da kwayoyin solubility na cellulose ether bayani da thermal gel zafin jiki da sauran kaddarorin.
2. Aikace-aikacen yanayin yanayin ether cellulose
Cellulose etherpolymer Semi roba ne wanda ba na ionic ba tare da kaddarorin masu narkewa da ruwa, kuma tasirin sa ya bambanta a masana'antu daban-daban. Misali, a cikin kayan gini na sinadarai, yana da abubuwa masu yawa kamar haka:
① Wakilin Riƙe ruwa ② Mai kauri ③ Daidaita kadara
A cikinPVCmasana'antu, shi ne emulsifier da watsawa; A cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, cellulose nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in cuta ne, kuma daidai saboda yana da tasirin hada abubuwa da yawa, filayen aikace-aikacen su ma sun fi yawa. A ƙasa, za mu mai da hankali kan hanyoyin amfani da ayyuka na ether cellulose a cikin kayan gini daban-daban.
(1) A cikin fenti na latex:
A cikin masana'antar fenti na latex, wajibi ne a zabihydroxyethyl cellulose. Babban ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun madaidaicin danko shine RT30000-5000cps, wanda yayi daidai da ƙayyadaddun HBR250. Matsakaicin ma'auni yana kusa da 1.5 ‰ -2 ‰. Babban aikin hydroxyethyl a cikin fenti na latex yana daɗaɗawa, yana hana gel ɗin pigment, yana ba da gudummawa ga rarrabawar pigment, kwanciyar hankali na latex, haɓaka danko na abubuwan da aka gyara, da ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka aikin gini: hydroxyethyl cellulose yana da sauƙin amfani, wanda za'a iya narkar da shi a ciki. ruwan sanyi da ruwan zafi, kuma ƙimar PH bai shafe shi ba. Ana iya amfani da shi lafiya tsakanin ƙimar PI 2-12. Ana amfani da hanyoyi guda uku masu zuwa: Ina ƙara kai tsaye a cikin samarwa: Wannan hanyar yakamata ta zaɓi nau'in jinkirin hydroxyethyl cellulose, tare da lokacin rushewa na fiye da mintuna 30. Matakan amfani sune kamar haka: ① Sanya adadin adadin ruwa mai tsabta a cikin kwandon da aka sanye da babban mai motsawa; ② Fara motsawa a ƙananan gudu ba tare da tsayawa ba, A lokaci guda, a hankali kuma a ko'ina ƙara hydroxyethyl zuwa maganin. ③ Ci gaba da motsawa har sai duk kayan da aka jika sun jike. ④ Ƙara wasu additives da abubuwan da ake ƙara alkaline. ⑤ Dama har sai duk hydroxyethyl ya narkar da gaba daya. Sa'an nan kuma ƙara wasu abubuwa a cikin dabarar kuma niƙa har sai samfurin ya ƙare. II. Shiri uwar barasa don amfani: Wannan hanya za a iya zabar irin nan take kuma yana da anti mold sakamako a kan cellulose. Amfanin wannan hanya shine cewa yana da babban sassauci kuma ana iya ƙara shi kai tsaye zuwa fenti na latex. Hanyar shiri iri ɗaya ce da matakan ① zuwa ④. III. Shiri na Congee kamar abubuwa don amfani a nan gaba: Tun da kwayoyin kaushi sune mummunan kaushi (wanda ba a iya narkewa) don hydroxyethyl, ana iya amfani da waɗannan kaushi don shirya Congee kamar abubuwa. Mafi yawan kaushi na halitta da aka fi amfani da shi shine ruwan kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin fenti na emulsion, kamar ethylene glycol, propylene glycol da wakili na fim (irin su diethylene glycol butyl acetate). Ana iya ƙara Congee kamar hydroxyethyl cellulose kai tsaye zuwa fenti, sa'an nan kuma ci gaba da motsawa har sai ya narkar da shi gaba daya.
(2) A cikin goge bangon bango:
A halin yanzu, kayan da ake amfani da su na kare muhalli da ke jure ruwa da gogewa sun kasance suna da daraja sosai a yawancin biranen kasar Sin. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, saboda fitar da iskar formaldehyde daga putty da aka yi da abin da ake ginawa, wanda ke lalata lafiyar mutane, an shirya abin da ake amfani da shi ta hanyar maganin acetal na polyvinyl barasa da formaldehyde. Don haka a hankali mutane suna fitar da wannan kayan a hankali, kuma madadin wannan kayan shine samfuran ether na cellulose, wanda ke nufin haɓaka kayan gini masu dacewa da muhalli. Cellulose a halin yanzu shine kawai kayan da ake samu. A cikin ruwa mai jure ruwa, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu: busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun datti. Gabaɗaya, an zaɓi methyl cellulose da aka gyara da hydroxypropyl methyl a matsayin nau'ikan putty guda biyu, kuma ƙayyadaddun danko gabaɗaya tsakanin 30000-60000 cps. Babban aikin cellulose a cikin putty shine riƙe ruwa, bond, da mai. Saboda daban-daban putty dabara na daban-daban masana'antun, wasu su ne launin toka alli, haske calcium, farin ciminti, da dai sauransu, yayin da wasu su ne gypsum foda, launin toka calcium, haske alli, da dai sauransu, dalla-dalla, danko, da infiltration adadin cellulose domin. Dabaru biyun kuma sun bambanta, tare da adadin ƙarin adadin kusan 2 ‰ -3 ‰. A cikin ginin bangon bangon bango, saboda wasu shayarwar ruwa na bangon bangon (yawan shayarwar ruwa na bangon bulo shine 13%, kuma adadin ruwan sha na kankare shine 3-5%), haɗe tare da waje. evaporation, idan putty ya yi asarar ruwa da sauri, zai haifar da tsagewa ko peeling foda, don haka ya raunana ƙarfin sa. Saboda haka, ƙara cellulose ether zai magance wannan matsala. Koyaya, ingancin kayan cikawa, musamman ingancin calcium mai launin toka, shima yana da mahimmanci. Saboda yawan dankowar cellulose, yana kuma kara habaka buoyancy na putty, yana gujewa sagging yayin gini, kuma yana da dadi da kuma ceton aiki don gogewa. The cellulose ether a cikin foda putty yana buƙatar ƙarawa zuwa ma'aikata yadda ya kamata. Samuwarta da amfani da ita sun dace sosai, kuma kayan cikawa da ƙari za a iya haɗa su daidai da busassun foda. Ginin kuma ya dace sosai, kuma rarraba ruwa a kan wurin ya dogara da nawa ake amfani da shi.
(3) Turmi Kankare:
A cikin kankare turmi, don samun nasara da gaske na ƙarshe, wajibi ne don cika ruwa da ciminti gaba ɗaya. Musamman a lokacin aikin bazara, lokacin da asarar ruwa na turmi na kankare ya yi sauri, ana ɗaukar cikakken matakan samar da ruwa don kula da yayyafa ruwa. Wannan hanya tana haifar da ɓarnawar albarkatun ruwa da rashin jin daɗi a cikin aiki, kuma mabuɗin shine cewa ruwan yana kan saman ne kawai, yayin da ruwa na ciki har yanzu bai cika ba. Saboda haka, maganin wannan matsala shine:, Ƙara nau'in cellulose mai riƙe ruwa guda takwas zuwa turmi kankare gabaɗaya yana zaɓar hydroxypropyl methyl ko methyl cellulose, tare da ƙayyadaddun danko daga 20000 zuwa 60000 cps da ƙarin adadin 2% zuwa 3%. A kusa, ana iya ƙara yawan riƙe ruwa zuwa sama da 85%. Hanyar da ake amfani da ita a cikin kankare turmi shine a hada busasshen foda daidai gwargwado sannan a zuba ruwa a baki.
(4) A cikin gypsum plastering, haɗin gypsum, da gypsum caulking:
Tare da saurin bunƙasa masana'antar gine-gine, buƙatun sabbin kayan gini kuma yana ƙaruwa kowace rana. Saboda karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da kare muhalli da ci gaba da inganta ingantaccen gini, samfuran gypsum siminti sun haɓaka cikin sauri. A halin yanzu, samfuran gypsum na yau da kullun sun haɗa da gypsum plastering, gypsum bonding, gypsum da aka saka, tile binder, da sauransu. Ganuwar da ake amfani da ita don yin gyare-gyare suna da laushi kuma suna da santsi, ba tare da cire foda ba kuma suna mannewa da tushe, ba tare da tsagewa ko barewa ba, tare da aikin kariya na wuta; Bonded gypsum wani sabon nau'in ginin katako mai ɗaure mai haske, wanda aka yi daga gypsum azaman kayan tushe kuma an ƙara shi tare da ƙari daban-daban. Ya dace da haɗin kai tsakanin daban-daban kayan bangon ginin inorganic kuma yana da halayen maras guba, rashin wari, ƙarfin farko, saitin sauri, da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi. Abu ne mai goyan baya don ginin jirgi da toshe ginin; Gilashin haɗin gwiwa na gypsum shine kayan cikawa don rata tsakanin allon gypsum, da kuma gyaran gyaran bangon bango da fasa. Waɗannan samfuran gypsum suna da jerin ayyuka daban-daban. Baya ga gypsum da filaye masu alaƙa, mahimmin batun shine ƙarar ether ƙari na cellulose yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Saboda gaskiyar cewa gypsum ya kasu kashi gypsum anhydrous da hemihydrate gypsum, nau'in gypsum daban-daban suna da tasiri daban-daban akan aikin samfurin. Don haka, kauri, riƙe ruwa, da jinkirtawa suna ƙayyade ingancin kayan gini na gypsum. Matsalar gama gari tare da waɗannan kayan shine fashe da fashe, kuma ƙarfin farko ba zai iya isa ba. Don magance wannan matsala, wajibi ne a zabi samfurin cellulose da kuma hanyar yin amfani da kayan aiki na retarders. Dangane da wannan, methyl ko hydroxypropyl methyl ana zaba gabaɗaya azaman 30000 zuwa 60000 cps, tare da ƙarin adadin 1.5% -2%. Daga cikin su, cellulose yana mai da hankali kan riƙe ruwa, jinkirtawa, da kayan shafawa. Duk da haka, ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da ether cellulose a matsayin retarder a cikin wannan tsari ba, kuma wajibi ne a ƙara citric acid retarder don haɗuwa da amfani da shi ba tare da rinjayar ƙarfin farko ba. Yawan riƙe ruwa gabaɗaya yana nufin adadin asarar ruwa na halitta ba tare da shayar da ruwa na waje ba. Idan bangon ya bushe, shayarwar ruwa da ƙawancen yanayi na tushen tushe yana haifar da kayan ya rasa ruwa da sauri, wanda kuma zai haifar da fashe da fashe. Wannan hanyar amfani don haɗa busassun foda ne. Idan shirya mafita, da fatan za a koma zuwa hanyar shirya mafita.
(5) Turmi mai rufi
Turmi mai ɗorewa sabon nau'in kayan rufe bangon ciki ne a yankin arewa, wanda wani abu ne na bango wanda ya ƙunshi kayan rufewa, turmi, da mannewa. Cellulose yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɗawa da haɓaka ƙarfi a cikin wannan kayan. Gabaɗaya, an zaɓi methyl cellulose tare da babban danko (a kusa da 10000eps), kuma adadin shine gabaɗaya tsakanin 2 ‰ -3 ‰. Hanyar yin amfani da busassun foda hadawa.
(6) Wakilin fuska
Dole ne wakili ya kasanceHPMC20000 cps, kuma manne don tayal ya kamata ya zama sama da 60000 cps. A cikin wakili na dubawa, mai da hankali ya kamata ya kasance akan wakili mai kauri, wanda zai iya inganta ƙarfin ƙarfi da juriya na kibiya. Aiwatar da wakili mai riƙe ruwa a cikin haɗin tayal don hana su faɗuwa da sauri saboda asarar ruwa.
3. Halin sarkar masana'antu
(1) Masana'antu na sama
Babban albarkatun da ake buƙata don samarwacellulose ethersun haɗa da auduga mai ladabi (ko ɓangaren litattafan almara) da wasu abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su na sinadarai, irin su epoxy propane, chloromethane, alkali ruwa, flake alkali, ethylene oxide, toluene, da sauran kayan taimako. Kamfanonin da ke kan gaba a cikin wannan masana'antar sun haɗa da masana'antar auduga da aka tace da kuma masana'antar sarrafa itace, da kuma wasu masana'antun sinadarai. Canje-canje a cikin farashin manyan kayan albarkatun da aka ambata a sama za su sami tasiri daban-daban akan farashin samarwa da farashin siyar da ether cellulose.
Farashin auduga mai ladabi yana da tsada sosai. Ɗaukar ginin abu sa cellulose ether a matsayin misali, a lokacin rahoton lokaci, rabo daga mai ladabi auduga kudin ga tallace-tallace na ginin abu sa cellulose ether ne 31.74%, 28.50%, 26.59%, da kuma 26.90%, bi da bi. Canjin farashin auduga mai ladabi zai shafi farashin samar da ether cellulose. Babban albarkatun kasa don samar da auduga mai ladabi shine auduga. Auduga na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ake samarwa a cikin aikin samar da auduga, galibi ana amfani da su don samar da kayayyaki kamar su ɓangaren auduga, auduga mai ladabi, da nitrocellulose. Akwai bambanci sosai wajen amfani da ledar auduga da auduga, kuma farashinsu ya yi ƙasa da na auduga, amma akwai wata alaƙa da hauhawar farashin auduga. Canjin farashin linter auduga zai shafi farashin auduga mai ladabi.
Matsanancin hauhawar farashin auduga mai tsafta zai sami tasiri daban-daban akan sarrafa farashin samarwa, farashin samfur, da ribar kamfanoni a wannan masana'antar. Dangane da yanayin tsadar auduga mai tsafta da kuma farashi mai rahusa na ɓangaren litattafan itace, don rage farashi, ana iya amfani da ɓangaren litattafan itace a madadin da ƙari ga auduga mai ladabi, galibi don samar da ethers na cellulose tare da ƙananan danko kamar magunguna da abinci. ethers cellulose darajar. Alkaluman da hukumar kididdiga ta kasar Sin ta fitar ta ce, a shekarar 2013, yankin da ake noman auduga na kasar Sin ya kai hekta miliyan 4.35, kuma yawan audugar da aka noma a kasar ya kai tan miliyan 6.31. Bisa kididdigar kididdigar kungiyar masana'antu ta kasar Sin Cellulose, a shekarar 2014, jimilar fitar da auduga da manyan kamfanonin samar da auduga suka fitar ya kai tan 332000, tare da wadataccen albarkatun kasa.
Babban albarkatun kasa don samar da kayan aikin sinadarai na graphite sune karfe da carbon graphite. Farashin karfe da graphite carbon lissafin babban rabo na samar da kudin na graphite sinadaran kayan aiki. Canje-canjen farashin waɗannan albarkatun ƙasa zai sami wani tasiri akan farashin samarwa da farashin siyar da kayan aikin sinadarai na graphite.
(2) Halin da ake ciki na masana'antar ether cellulose
Cellulose ether, a matsayin "monosodium glutamate masana'antu", yana da ƙananan adadin abubuwan ƙarawa da aikace-aikace masu yawa, tare da masana'antu na ƙasa da suka warwatse a cikin masana'antu daban-daban na tattalin arzikin kasa.
A al'ada, gine-gine na ƙasa da masana'antu na gidaje za su yi wani tasiri a kan haɓakar haɓakar buƙatun kayan gini na cellulose ether. Lokacin da haɓakar haɓakar gine-ginen cikin gida da masana'antar gidaje ke da sauri, buƙatun kayan gini na cellulose ether a cikin kasuwar cikin gida yana haɓaka cikin sauri. Lokacin da haɓakar haɓakar gine-ginen cikin gida da masana'antu na gidaje suka ragu, buƙatun gina kayan gini na cellulose ether a cikin kasuwannin cikin gida zai ragu, yin gasa a cikin wannan masana'antar ya fi ƙarfi da haɓaka tsarin rayuwar masana'antu a cikin wannan masana'antar. .
Tun daga shekara ta 2012, a cikin yanayin koma baya a cikin gine-ginen gida da masana'antu na gidaje, babu wani gagarumin sauyi a cikin bukatar gina kayan aikin cellulose ether a kasuwannin gida. Manyan dalilan su ne: na farko, jimillar ma’auni na gine-ginen cikin gida da masana’antun gidaje suna da yawa, kuma jimillar buqatar kasuwa ta yi yawa; Babban kasuwar mabukaci don ginin kayan aikin cellulose ether a hankali ya faɗaɗa daga yankuna masu haɓaka tattalin arziƙi da biranen matakin farko da na biyu zuwa yankuna na tsakiya da yamma da biranen bene na uku, yana faɗaɗa yuwuwar da sarari don haɓaka buƙatun gida; 2, The Bugu da kari adadin cellulose ether asusun ga wani low rabo daga kudin gini kayan, da kuma adadin amfani da guda abokin ciniki ne kananan. Abokan ciniki sun tarwatse, wanda zai iya haifar da matsananciyar buƙata cikin sauƙi. Jimlar buƙatu a kasuwannin ƙasa yana da ɗan kwanciyar hankali; 3, The canji a kasuwa farashin ne mai muhimmanci factor shafi bukatar tsarin ginin abu sa cellulose ether. Tun daga shekara ta 2012, farashin kayan gini na cellulose ether ya ragu sosai, yana haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin farashin tsakiyar zuwa manyan kayayyaki, jawo hankalin abokan ciniki da yawa don siye da zabar, ƙara yawan buƙatun samfuran tsakiyar zuwa manyan ƙarshen, da squeezing kasuwa bukatar da farashin sarari na talakawa model kayayyakin.
Matsayin haɓakawa da haɓakar haɓakar masana'antar harhada magunguna za su shafi buƙatun sinadari na cellulose ether. Haɓaka matsayin rayuwar mutane da ci gaban masana'antar abinci suna haifar da haɓaka buƙatun kasuwa na ƙimar abinci cellulose ether.
6. Ci gaban haɓakar ether cellulose
Saboda bambance-bambancen tsari na buƙatun kasuwa na ether cellulose, wani yanayi ya bayyana inda kamfanoni masu ƙarfi daban-daban zasu iya zama tare. Dangane da bambance-bambancen tsari na buƙatun kasuwa, masana'antun ether na gida sun ɗauki bambance-bambancen dabarun gasa dangane da ƙarfin nasu, yayin da suke fahimtar yanayin ci gaban kasuwa da alkiblar kasuwa yadda ya kamata.
(1) Tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na samfur zai kasance har yanzu babban mahimmin gasa ga kamfanonin ether cellulose
Cellulose etheryana da ɗan ƙaramin kaso na farashin samarwa a mafi yawan masana'antu a cikin wannan masana'antar, amma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ingancin samfur. Ƙungiya mai girma na abokin ciniki yana buƙatar yin gwaje-gwajen dabara kafin amfani da wani alama da samfurin ether cellulose. Bayan kafa tsarin barga, yawanci ba sauƙi ba ne don maye gurbin samfuran daga wasu samfuran, kuma ana sanya buƙatun mafi girma akan ingancin kwanciyar hankali na ether cellulose. Wannan al'amari ya fi fice a cikin manyan fannoni kamar na gida da waje manyan masana'antar samar da kayan gini na gida da na waje, kayan aikin magunguna, ƙari na abinci, PVC, da sauransu. Batches na cellulose ether da aka kawo za a iya kiyaye su na dogon lokaci, don samar da kyakkyawan suna a kasuwa.
(2) Haɓaka matakin fasahar aikace-aikacen samfur shine jagorancin ci gaba na kamfanonin ether na gida
Tare da haɓaka fasahar samarwa ta cellulose ether, babban matakin fasahar aikace-aikacen yana da fa'ida ga kamfanoni don haɓaka cikakkiyar gasa da samar da ingantaccen abokan ciniki. Shahararrun masana'antun ether na cellulose a cikin ƙasashe masu ci gaba galibi suna ɗaukar dabarun gasa na "ƙira manyan abokan ciniki da haɓaka aikace-aikacen ƙasa da amfani", haɓakawa.cellulose etheraikace-aikace da dabarun amfani, da kuma daidaita jerin samfuran bisa ga fannoni daban-daban na aikace-aikacen don sauƙaƙe amfani da abokin ciniki, da haɓaka buƙatar kasuwa ta ƙasa ta wannan. Gasar da ke tsakanin kamfanonin ether na cellulose a cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba ta tashi daga samfur zuwa fasahar aikace-aikace.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-31-2023